What is Skin Cancer? Treatment and Prevention

Skin cancer, one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide does sound very unsettling at first, but the good news is it can both preventable and is highly treatable when caught early.

Understanding Skin Cancer

It occurs when the DNA in skin cells are damaged, leading to abnormal cell growth which later forms into a malignant tumor. It appears usually in areas that are exposed under the sun, such as the neck, arms or hands, but can be developed anywhere in the body. There are 3 main types of skin cancer called; Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma. With Melanoma being the serious one.

Knowing these differences between the types and its symptoms should be watched with utmost care and concern. Many health professionals suggest that with regular skin checks and being aware of any changes in moles, spots, or skin texture can prevent skin cancer.

Causes and Risk Factors

One of the primary causes of skin cancer is its exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. This type of radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells over time, leading to mutations that may cause cancer. Some common risk factors include:

• Spending a considerable amount of time under the sun working or playing.
• Getting sunburned easily, or having a history of sun burns.
• Living in a sunny or high-altitude environment.
• Having many moles or irregular shaped moles.
• A family history of skin cancer.

Diagnosing and Treating Skin Cancer

Spotting skin cancer at an early stage is treatable. If you notice:

• Any new or changing moles or marks.
• If a spot on your skin looks unusual or doesn’t heal after some time.

It is advised to visit your dermatologist where the diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and a possible biopsy, where a small piece of skin is removed and examined under a microscope.

Once the diagnosis is done, the treatment depends upon the type and stage of the cancer. These options range from surgical removal and topical medications to cryotherapy and radiation. In some advanced cases, treatments like immunotherapy or chemotherapy may be used. 

How to Reduce Your Risk

Skin cancer is largely preventable. A few preventive measures can significantly reduce your risk. Use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 or higher, wear wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses, and trying to stay out of direct sunlight during the hottest parts of the day are some of the best ways.

Have a regular skin checkup. Look for anything new or changing, and if something doesn’t look right, don’t ignore it.

When to See a Doctor

Trust your instincts. If a spot on your skin looks or feels off, get it checked. Many cases of skin cancer are discovered not by doctors, but by people who noticed something wasn’t quite right. And when caught early, treatment is often straightforward and effective.

Worried about a spot or due for a check-up?

Book an appointment with Amtan Medical Centres for a thorough skin assessment and personalised care.